ABSTRACT
BackgroundSevere Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is associated with high mortality. Although single centre intensive care units (ICU) have reported clinical characteristics and outcomes, no large scale multicentric study from India has been published. The present retrospective, multi-centre study was aimed to describe the predictors and outcomes of COVID-19 patients requiring ICU admission from COVID-19 Registry of Indian council of Medical Research (ICMR), India.MethodsProspectively collected data from multiple participating institutions was entered in the electronic National Clinical Registry of COVID 19. We enrolled patients aged>18 years with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring ICU admission between March 2020 and August 2021. Exclusion criteria were negative RT PCR, death within 24 hours of ICU admission, or patients with incomplete data in the registry Their demographic characteristics, laboratory variables, ICU severity indices, treatment strategies and outcomes were analysed.ResultsA total of 5865 patients, with mean age 56±15 years, with 3840/5865 (65.4%) men, were enrolled in the ICMR registry.. Overall mortality was 2535/5865 (43.5%). Non-survivors were older than survivors (58.2±15.4 years vs 53.6 ±14.7 years; P=0.001). Non-survivors had multiple comorbidities (n=1951, 52.9%) with hypertension (47.2%) and diabetes (45.6%) being the most common, higher creatinine (1.6 ± P=0.001, high D-dimer (1.56 vs 1.37, P=0.001), higher CT severity index (16.8±5.2 vs 13.5 ±5.47 ) compared to survivors. Non survivors had longer hospital and ICU stay (P=0.001). On multivariate regression analysis, high NLR (HR 1.017, 95% CI 1.005- 1.029, P=0.001), high CRP (HR 1.008, 95% CI 1.006- 1.010, P=0.001), high D dimer ((HR 1.089, 95% CI 1.065- 1.113, P=0.001) were associated with mechanical ventilation while younger age, (HR 0.974, CI 0.965-0.983, p=0.001), high D dimer (HR-1.014, CI 1.001-1.027, P=0.035) and use of prophylactic LMWH (HR 0.647, CI 0.527-0.794, p=0.001) were independently associated with mortality. ConclusionIn this large retrospective study of 5865 critically ill COVID 19 patients admitted to ICU, overall mortality was 2535/5865 (43.5%). Age, high D dimer, CT Severity score and use of prophylactic LMWH were independently associated with mortality.
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COVID-19ABSTRACT
Behavioral science has made a considerable contribution to finance. To gain an understanding of the scientific contributions emerging from all fields of finance with a behavioral perspective, this paper reviews the content of the major journal dedicated to behavioral finance, the Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance (JBEF), since its foundation 8 years ago. For this purpose, we employ bibliometrics and content analysis to shed light on the publication trends and intellectual structure of the JBEF, obtaining numerous intriguing findings. First, the JBEF is still a young journal, and its numbers of publications and citations have grown significantly since its inception. Second, though there are contributions from all parts of the world, the United States is acknowledged as contributing the most to the JBEF. Diverse authors have contributed to the journal, but those affiliated with the University of Innsbruck and Macquarie University lead the list. Third, most of the studies have used the theoretical underpinnings of behavioral theory and prospect theory. Methodologically, most of the studies are empirical and primarily based on quantitative research designs, archival data and regression analysis. Fourth, the JBEF’s contributions concern eight intellectual clusters—namely personal characteristics and national cultures;psychological factors, financial literacy and robo-advising;investor sentiment and stock market volatility;asset market experiments;overconfidence and the disposition effects in the stock market;externalities (COVID-19) and financial markets;socially responsible investing;and herding behavior in financial markets. Finally, “behavioral finance” is the most prominently used author keyword in the JBEF’s publications, followed by “financial literacy” All in all, these findings should offer readers a retrospection of scholarly contributions from the JBEF.